Vaisya

Created by Jijith Nadumuri at 01 Mar 2010 16:01 and updated at 01 Mar 2010 16:01

Mahabharata: 18 Parvas

01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235

02
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79

03
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313

04
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

05
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199

06
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124

07
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200

08
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96

09
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

-

11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34!
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363

13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168

14
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92

15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

16
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

17
1
2
3

18
1
2
3
4
5
6

MAHABHARATA NOUN

See All Nouns, See All Categories

Mbh.1.63.3180 And amongst those hundred and one, eleven, viz, Duhsasana, Duhsaha, Durmarshana, Vikarna, Chitrasena, Vivinsati, Jaya, Satyavrata, Purumitra, and Yuyutsu by a Vaisya wife, were all Maharathas great car-warriors.
Mbh.1.67.3512 And over and above these hundred, Dhritarashtra had one son named Yuyutsu born of a Vaisya wife'
Mbh.1.67.3516 And Yuyutsu who was Dhritarashtra's son by a Vaisya wife, was also over and above the hundred.
Mbh.1.115.6221 SECTION CXV Sambhava Parva continued Vaisampayana said, Meanwhile, O Janamejaya, Dhritarashtra begat upon Gandhari a hundred sons, and upon a Vaisya wife another besides those hundred.
Mbh.1.115.6225 How did Dhritarashtra also beget another son in a Vaisya wife?
Mbh.1.115.6270 And during the time when Gandhari was in a state of advanced pregnancy, there was a maid servant of the Vaisya class who used to attend on Dhritarashtra.
Mbh.1.115.6272 And because he was begotten by a Kshatriya upon a Vaisya woman, he came to be called Karna.
Mbh.1.115.6273 Thus were born unto the wise Dhritarashtra a hundred sons who were all heroes and mighty chariot-fighters, and a daughter over and above the hundred, and another son Yuyutsu of great energy and prowess begotten upon a Vaisya woman
Mbh.1.116.6276 Thou hast merely said that over and above the hundred sons, there was another son named Yuyutsu begotten upon a Vaisya woman, and a daughter.
Mbh.1.129.6957 But Yuyutsu Dhritarashtra's son by a Vaisya wife, moved by his friendship for the Pandavas, informed them of this.
Mbh.1.164.8517 A Kshatriya rendering help unto a Vaisya also on this earth certainly acquires world-wide popularity.
Mbh.1.172.8806 The hand of the Brahmana with which he poureth libations on the sacrificial fire, the chariot upon which the Kshatriya fighteth, the charity of the Vaisya, and the service of the Sudra rendered unto the three other classes, are all fragments of the thunderbolt.
Mbh.1.193.9639 Hath any Sudra or anybody of mean descent, or hath a tribute-paying Vaisya by taking my daughter away, placed his dirty foot on my head?
Mbh.2.69.3049 O king of kings, it hath been said that a Vaisya may ask one boon; a Kshatriya lady, two boons; a Kshatriya male, three, and a Brahmana, a hundred.
Mbh.2.72.3133 Vaisampayana continued, Then Drona, Somadatta and Valhika, Gautama, Vidura, the son of Drona, and the mighty son of Dhritarashtra by his Vaisya wife, Bhurisravas, and Bhishma, and that mighty warrior Vikarna, all said, Let not the play commence.
Mbh.3.85.4714 By reading this narrative the sonless obtains sons, the destitute obtains riches, a person of the royal order conquereth the whole earth, the Vaisya cometh by wealth, the Sudra obtaineth all his desires, and the Brahmana crosseth the ocean of the world.
Mbh.3.149.7657 To rule the subjects is the duty of the Kshatriya; and to tend cattle, that of the Vaisya, while to serve the twice-born orders is said to be the duty of the Sudra.
Mbh.3.211.10884 A man, O Brahmana, may be born in the Sudra caste, but if he is possessed of good qualities, he may attain the state of Vaisya and similarly that of a Kshatriya, and if he is steadfast in rectitude, he may even become a Brahmana.
Mbh.4.10.386 Having come before the king that afflicter of foes, Sahadeva answered in accents deep as the roar of the cloud, I am a Vaisya, Arishtanemi by name.
Mbh.4.10.393 The office of a Vaisya is not fit for thee.
Mbh.4.50.1923 And of Vaisya, having earned wealth, should cause the rites enjoined in the Vedas to be performed for himself.
Mbh.5.23.996 I hope Yuyutsu, the highly intelligent son of Dhritarashtra by his Vaisya wife is in health.
Mbh.5.29.1243 A Vaisya should study and diligently earn and accumulate wealth by means of commerce, agriculture, and the tending of cattle.
Mbh.5.30.1352 Thou must, O sire, also enquire about the welfare of Dhritarashtra's son by his Vaisya wife, that youth who is one of the best of the Kuru race, who never falls into error, who possesseth vast wisdom, who is endued with every virtue, and who never cherishes a liking for this war!
Mbh.5.40.2209 Having studied the Vedas, and distributed in proper time, his wealth among Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, and his own dependents, and inhaled the sanctified smoke of the three kinds of fires, the Vaisya enjoyeth heavenly bliss in the other world.
Mbh.5.72.3594 A Sudra serveth; a Vaisya liveth by trade; the Brahmana have choosen the wooden bowl for begging, while we are to live by slaughter!
Mbh.5.96.4534 And that mighty car-warrior, rising every morning after the night had passed away, called the Brahmanas and the Kshatriyas unto himself and asked them, saying, Be he a Sudra, a Vaisya, a Kshatriya, or a Brahmana, is there any one who is superior or even equal to me in battle'
Mbh.5.132.5899 A Brahmana should adopt mendicancy; a Kshatriya should protect subjects; a Vaisya should earn wealth; and a Sudra should serve the other three.
Mbh.5.180.8063 This also was, O great Muni, the vow then made by thee, O Rama, the vow made by thee before Brahmanas after thou hadst conquered all the Kshatriyas, viz, that thou wouldst slay in battle the person, be he a Brahmana, a Kshatriya, a Vaisya, or a Sudra, who would be a foe to the Brahmanas.
Mbh.6.9.507 These countries are, besides, the abodes of many Kshatriya, Vaisya, and Sudra tribes.
Mbh.6.11.600 The Manasas, O king, live by following the duties of the Vaisya order.
Mbh.7.70.3061 Rebuking them in these words, the high-souled son of Dhritarashtra by his Vaisya wife, went away, casting off his weapons afflicted with rage and grief.
Mbh.9.27.1919 The mighty-armed Pandava embraced that child of a Vaisya mother and dismissed him affectionately.
Mbh.9.27.1934 Hearing these words spoken by the son of Dhritarashtra's Vaisya wife, Vidura of immeasurable soul, conversant with every usage and feeling that was proper at that hour, applauded the eloquent Yuyutsu.
Mbh.12.35.1877 So, a Vaisya should acquire a measure less than a Kshatriya's by a fourth and a Sudra less than a Vaisya's by a fourth.
Mbh.12.59.3318 I shall now tell thee, O Yudhishthira, what the eternal duties of the Vaisya are.
Mbh.12.59.3319 A Vaisya should make gifts, study the Vedas, perform sacrifices, and acquire wealth by fair means.
Mbh.12.59.3323 The Creator, having created the domestic animals, bestowed their care upon the Vaisya.
Mbh.12.59.3331 A Vaisya should never desire that he should not tend cattle.
Mbh.12.59.3332 If a Vaisya desires to tend cattle, no one else should be employed in that task.
Mbh.12.62.3462 For a Sudra practising all these duties as also for a Vaisya, O king, and a Kshatriya, the Bhikshu mode of life has been laid down.
Mbh.12.62.3463 Having discharged the duties of his order, and having also served the kin, a Vaisya of venerable years, with the king's permission, may betake himself to another mode of life.
Mbh.12.71.4030 The Kshatriya has sprung from his two arms, and the Vaisya from his two thighs.
Mbh.12.71.4034 The Vaisya was created for supporting the two other orders and himself by cultivation and trade, and finally, it was ordained by Brahman that the Sudra should serve the three orders as a menial'
Mbh.12.77.4332 Bhishma said, When a Brahmana loses his means of support and falls into distress, he may certainly betake himself to the practices of a Vaisya and derive his support by agriculture and keeping cattle, if, of course, he is incompetent for Kshatriya duties'
Mbh.12.77.4333 Yudhishthira said, If a Brahmana, O bull of Bharata's race, betakes himself to the duties of a Vaisya, what articles may he sell without losing his prospect of heaven'
Mbh.12.77.4384 Yudhishthira said, If when robbers raise their heads and an inter-mixture of the orders begins to take place in consequence of confusion, and Kshatriyas become incompetent, some powerful person other than a Kshatriya seeks to subdue those robbers for the sake of protecting the people indeed, O best of kings, if that powerful person happens to be a Brahmana or a Vaisya or a Sudra, and if he succeeds in protecting the people by righteously wielding the rod of chastisement is he justified in doing what he does or is he restrained by the ordinances from accomplishing that duty?
Mbh.12.90.5092 Menial service attaches to the Sudra; agriculture to the Vaisya; the science of chastisement to the Kshatriya, and Brahmacharya, penances, mantras, and truth, attach, to the Brahmana.
Mbh.12.129.7338 For a Kshatriya that has, in consequence of the weakness of his treasury and army, become exceedingly humiliated, neither a life of mendicancy nor the profession of a Vaisya or that of a Sudra has been laid down.
Mbh.12.164.9684 If not withstanding the presence of a virtuous king on the throne, the sacrifice begun by anybody, especially by a Brahmana, cannot be completed for want of only a fourth part of the estimated expenses, then the king should, for the completion of that sacrifice, take away from his kinsmen the wealth of a Vaisya that is possessed of a large flock of cattle but that is averse from sacrifices and abstains from quaffing Soma.
Mbh.12.164.9706 The Vaisya and the Sudra should conquer their difficulties by wealth; the Brahmana should do so by Mantras and homa.
Mbh.12.164.9717 That Brahmana who summons to his bed an unmarried maiden, or suffers a Sudra, thinking him worthy of respect, to sit upon the same carpet with him, should sit on a bed of dry grass behind some Kshatriya or Vaisya and give him respect in that fashion
Mbh.12.164.9720 The sin that a Brahmana commits in a single night by respectfully serving a member of a lower order or by sporting with him in the same spot or on the same bed, is cleansed by observing the practice of sitting behind a Kshatriya or a Vaisya on a bed of dry grass for three continuous years.
Mbh.12.164.9728 For the benefit of Brahmanas and kine, and on occasions of transfusion of castes, even a Vaisya may take up weapons for his own safety.
Mbh.12.164.9765 Having slain a Vaisya one should perform such a sacrifice for two years and make a present of a hundred kine with one bull.
Mbh.12.179.10783 Once on a time a prosperous Vaisya, in the enjoyment of prosperity, and proud of his affluence, threw down, by negligently driving his car, a Rishi's son of rigid vows named Kasyapa, devoted to penances.
Mbh.12.188.11274 O best of regenerate ones, by what acts again does one become a Vaisya or a Sudra?
Mbh.12.188.11279 He who earns fame from keep of cattle, who is employed in agriculture and the means of acquiring wealth, who is pure in behaviour and attends to the study of the Vedas, is called a Vaisya
Mbh.12.209.12680 One who is a Vaisya should hear it from Vaisyas, and a high-souled Sudra should hear it from Sudras.
Mbh.12.261.15805 Bhishma continued, Thus addressed by that Brahmana possessed of I great fame, Tuladhara of the Vaisya order, well-acquainted with the truths touching the interpretations of morality and contented with knowledge, discoursed to Jajali who had undergone severe penances, upon the ways of morality
Mbh.12.290.18240 A Kshatriya bereft of courage, a Brahmana that takes every kind of food, a Vaisya unendued with exertion in respect of agriculture and other moneymaking pursuits, a Sudra that is idle and, therefore, averse to labour, a learned person without good behaviour, one of high birth but destitute of righteous conduct, a Brahmana fallen away from truth, a woman that is unchaste and wicked, a Yogin endued with attachments, one that cooks food for one's own self, an ignorant person employed in making a discourse, a kingdom without a king and a king that cherishes no affection for his subjects and who is destitute of Yoga, these all, O king, are deserving of pity
Mbh.12.293.18334 Worshipping that deity, the Vaisya employs himself, for the means of his support, in agriculture and the rearing of cattle.
Mbh.12.293.18342 Similarly, the Brahmana that is employed in studying the scriptures, the Vaisya that is engaged in earning wealth, and the Sudra that is always engaged in serving the three other classes with concentrated attention, become objects of respect.
Mbh.12.293.18352 The Brahmana shines by self restraint; the Kshatriya by victory; the Vaisya by wealth; while the Sudra always shines in glory through cleverness in serving the three other orders
Mbh.12.294.18353 SECTION CCXCV Parasara said, In the Brahmana, wealth acquired by acceptance of gifts, in the Kshatriya that won by victory in battle, in the Vaisya that obtained by following the duties laid down for his order, and in the Sudra that earned by serving the three other orders, however small its measure, is worthy of praise, and spent for the acquisition of virtue is productive of great benefits.
Mbh.12.294.18355 If the Brahmana, pressed for a living, betakes himself to the duties of either the Kshatriya or the Vaisya, he does not fall off from righteousness.
Mbh.12.318.19931 Obtaining knowledge from a Brahmana or a Kshatriya or Vaisya or even a Sudra who is of low birth, one endued with faith should always show reverence for such knowledge.
Mbh.12.318.19939 From the mouth of Brahma sprung the Brahmanas; from his arms, sprung the Kshatriyas; from his navel, the Vaisya; and from his feet, the Sudras.
Mbh.12.320.20341 Nor am I a Vaisya, nor a Sudra.
Mbh.12.340.22207 A Vaisya, by doing it, makes considerable profits, and a Sudra attains to great felicity.
Mbh.13.6.392 The Brahmana attains to prosperity by holy living, the Kshatriya by prowess, the Vaisya by manly exertion, and the Sudra by service.
Mbh.13.17.1865 Thou art he that took the shape of a jackal for consoling the Brahmana who, when insulted by a wealthy Vaisya, had resolved to commit suicide.
Mbh.13.18.2887 By reciting this hymn the Brahmana succeeds in acquiring all the Vedas; the Kshatriya becomes crowned with victory, O son of Pritha; the Vaisya becomes successful in obtaining wealth and cleverness; and the Sudra, in winning happiness here and a good end hereafter.
Mbh.13.23.3318 Upon the completion of a Sraddha performed by a Vaisya, O Bharata, the words that should be uttered are, Let everything become inexhaustible,
Mbh.13.23.3321 In the rites performed by a Vaisya, the words that should be uttered, instead of beings the syllable Om, are, Let the deities be gratified,
Mbh.13.23.3332 A Kshatriya incurs four times and a Vaisya eight times the sin that a Brahmana incurs by uttering a falsehood.
Mbh.13.23.3335 So also, if he eats elsewhere after having been invited by a person of the royal order or a Vaisya, he falls away from his position and incurs half the sin that attaches to the slaughter of an animal on occasions other than those of sacrifices.
Mbh.13.27.3662 O best of kings, how may one, if he happens to be a Kshatriya or a Vaisya or a Sudra, succeed in acquiring the status of a Brahmana?
Mbh.13.28.3737 After thirty thousand years one acquire the status of a Vaisya.
Mbh.13.40.4389 Sometimes he shows himself as young and sometimes as old Sometimes he appears as a Brahmana, sometimes as a Kshatriya, sometimes as a Vaisya, and sometimes as a Sudra.
Mbh.13.44.4626 As regards the Vaisya, he should take a wife from only his own order.
Mbh.13.47.4817 It has been laid down, O grandsire, that a Brahmana can take four wives, viz, one that belongs to his own order, one that is a Kshatriya, one that is a Vaisya, and one that is a Sudra, if the Brahmana wishes to indulge in the desire of sexual intercourse.
Mbh.13.47.4821 Bhishma said, The Brahmana, the Kshatriya, and the Vaisya are regarded as the three regenerate orders.
Mbh.13.47.4834 The son that has been born of the wife belonging to the third order, viz, the woman of the Vaisya caste, by the Brahmana sire, shall take, O Yudhishthira, two of the three remaining shares of the father's property.
Mbh.13.47.4863 One born of a Kshatriya wife or of a Vaisya wife, by a Brahmana husband, is similarly invested with the status of a Brahmana.
Mbh.13.47.4883 Similarly, the Vaisya cannot be regarded as the equal of the Kshatriya in point of birth.
Mbh.13.47.4896 Hence, the son of the Kshatriya wife shall, without doubt, be held to be superior to him that is born of the Vaisya wife.
Mbh.13.47.4897 The son of the Kshatriya wife, for this, takes a larger share of the paternal property than the son of the Vaisya mother'
Mbh.13.47.4906 The son of the Vaisya wife shall take three of such shares.
Mbh.13.47.4909 For the Vaisya only one wife has been ordained.
Mbh.13.47.4912 If a Vaisya has two wives, one of whom is a Vaisya and the other a Sudra, there is a difference between them in respect of status.
Mbh.13.47.4913 The wealth of a Vaisya, O chief of Bharata's race, should be divided Into five portions.
Mbh.13.47.4914 I shall now speak of the sons of a Vaisya by a wife of his own order and by one belonging to the inferior order, as also of the manner in which, O king his wealth is to be distributed among those children.
Mbh.13.47.4915 The son born of the Vaisya wife shall take four of such shares of his father's wealth.
Mbh.13.48.4937 Those sons, however, that are begotten by him on the two spouses that belong to the next two orders viz, Vaisya and Sudra, are inferior, their status being determined not by that of their father but by that of their mothers.
Mbh.13.48.4947 The Vaisya may take two spouses.
Mbh.13.48.4954 The son begotten by a Vaisya upon a woman of the Brahmana order comes to be regarded as a Vaidehaka.
Mbh.13.48.4961 The son begotten by a Vaisya upon a Kshatriya woman becomes a Vandi or Magadha.
Mbh.13.48.4964 If a Sudra happens to have intercourse with a Vaisya woman, the son begotten upon her comes to be called Ayogava.
Mbh.13.49.5064 Bhishma said, The sons that a Brahmana begets upon spouses taken from the three inferior orders, those begotten by a Kshatriya upon spouses taken from the two orders inferior to his own, O Bharata, and the sons that a Vaisya begets upon a spouse taken from the one order that is inferior to his, are all called Apadhwansajas.
Mbh.13.49.5069 He who is born of a Vaisya woman by a Sudra father is called a Vaidya.
Mbh.13.49.5071 The Vaisya, by uniting himself with a woman of the Brahmana order, begets a son that is called a Magadha, while the son that he gets upon a Kshatriya woman is called a Vamaka.
Mbh.13.59.5826 The Vaisya in a similar manner used in those days to worship the royal order, and the Sudra to worship the Vaisya.
Mbh.13.59.5830 It was only the Kshatriya and the Vaisya who could serve the Brahmana by touching his person or approaching his presence.
Mbh.13.73.6763 If a Vaisya, possessed of similar accomplishments, were to make a gift of a single cow, that cow would be equal to five hundred kine in respect of the merit she would produce If a Sudra endued with humility were to make a gift of a cow, such a cow would be equal to a hundred and twenty-five kine in respect of the merit it would produce Devoted to penances and truth, proficient in the scriptures and all acts through dutiful services rendered to his preceptor, endued with forgiveness of disposition, engaged in the worship of the deities, possessed of a tranquil soul, pure in body and mind, enlightened, observant of all duties, and freed from every kind of egotism, that man who makes a gift of a cow unto a Brahmana, certainly attains to great merit through that act of his, viz, the gift, according to proper rites, of a cow yielding copious milk.
Mbh.13.73.6775 A Vaisya, by such conduct, acquires only half the merit of a Kshatriya, and a Sudra, by such conduct, earns half the merit that a Vaisya does.
Mbh.13.75.6871 The Vaisya, who, observant of the duties of his order, makes gifts, reaps as the fruit of those gifts, a crowning reward.
Mbh.13.112.10175 That Vaisya who divides the produce of his fields into six equal shares and makes a gift of one of those shares unto Brahmanas, succeeds by such conduct in cleansing himself from every sin.
Mbh.13.118.10529 He had, before becoming a Kshatriya, to pass through diverse orders of being, such as hedgehog and Iguana and boar and deer and bird, and Chandala and Sudra and Vaisya.
Mbh.13.118.10552 The Sudra rises to the status of the Vaisya; and the Vaisya to that of the Kshatriya.
Mbh.13.135.11279 From whom may a Kshatriya, a Vaisya, and a Sudra take their food respectively'
Mbh.13.135.11280 Bhishma said, A Brahmana may take his food from another Brahmana or from a Kshatriya or a Vaisya, but he must never accept food from a Sudra.
Mbh.13.135.11281 A Kshatriya may take his food from a Brahmana, a Kshatriya or a Vaisya.
Mbh.13.135.11288 A Brahmana, a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya, so engaging, is doomed, although devoted to the due performance of religious rites.
Mbh.13.135.11290 A Vaisya lives by distributing the fruits of his own acts and agriculture.
Mbh.13.135.11291 The breeding of kine and trade are the legitimate work in which a Vaisya may engage without fear of censure.
Mbh.13.136.11331 By eating with a Sudra from off the same plate the Sudra loses his family respectability; the Vaisya by eating from off the same plate with a Vaisya, loses his cattle and friends.
Mbh.13.141.11617 What are the indications of those duties that appertain to the Vaisya?
Mbh.13.141.11668 The duties of the Vaisya always consist of the keeping of cattle and agriculture, the pouring of libations on the sacred fire, the making of gifts, and study.
Mbh.13.141.11669 Trade, walking in the path of righteousness, hospitality, peacefulness, self-restraint, welcoming of Brahmanas, and renouncing things in favour of Brahmanas, are the other eternal duties of the Vaisya.
Mbh.13.141.11670 The Vaisya, engaged in trade and walking in the path of righteousness, should never sell sesame and perfumery and juices or liquid substances.
Mbh.13.143.11882 Through the evil consequence of what acts cloth a Vaisya become a Sudra?
Mbh.13.143.11883 Through what acts doth a Kshatriya become a Vaisya and a regenerate person Brahmana becomes a Kshatriya?
Mbh.13.143.11891 After the same manner the Kshatriya, the Vaisya, and the Sudra, all become so through original creation.
Mbh.13.143.11895 If one, who is a Kshatriya or Vaisya, lives in the practice of those duties that are assigned to the Brahmana, after the manner of a Brahmana he becomes in his next life a Brahmana.
Mbh.13.143.11897 That Brahmana of little understanding, who, impelled by cupidity and folly, follows the practices assigned to Vaisyas forgetful of his status as a Brahmana that is exceedingly difficult to attain, comes to be regarded as one that has become a Vaisya.
Mbh.13.143.11898 Similarly, one that is a Vaisya by birth may, by following the practices of a Sudra, become a Sudra.
Mbh.13.143.11900 A highly blessed Kshatriya or a Vaisya, that abandons those practices of his that are consistent with the duties laid down for his order, and follows the practices laid down for the Sudra, falls away from his own order and becomes a person of mixed caste.
Mbh.13.143.11902 or a Kshatriya, or a Vaisya, sinks into the status of a Sudra.
Mbh.13.143.11921 By these good acts, again, O goddess, when performed, a Sudra becomes a Brahmana, and a Vaisya becomes a Kshatriya.
Mbh.13.143.11930 If, indeed, the Sudra desires to be a Vaisya in his next life, he should also abstain from meat of animals not slain in sacrifices.
Mbh.13.143.11931 If a Vaisya wishes to be a Brahmana in his next life, he should observe even these duties.
Mbh.13.143.11943 Such a Vaisya of pure conduct takes birth in his next life in a high Kshatriya family
Mbh.13.143.11944 If a Vaisya, after having taken birth as a Kshatriya, goes through the usual purificatory rites, becomes invested with the sacred thread, and betakes himself to the observance of vows, he becomes, in his next life, an honoured Brahmana.
Mbh.13.149.12542 A Vaisya, by doing it, becomes possessed of affluence, while a Sudra earns great happiness.
Mbh.14.71.3126 Those foremost ones of Bharata's race, O chief of kings, then paid their respectful salutations to Gandhari, the daughter of Suvala and to Kunti, They next worshipped their uncle Vidura and met Yuyutsu, the son of Dhritarashtra by his Vaisya wife.
Mbh.15.1.10 Vidura, and Sanjaya and Yuyutsu of great intelligence, who was Dhritarashtra's son by his Vaisya wife, used to wait upon Dhritarashtra.
Mbh.15.15.638 Vrikodara, the heroic Phalguna, the two sons of Madri, Vidura, Sanjaya, Dhritarashtra's son by his Vaisya wife, and Kripa, and Dhaumya, and other Brahmanas, all followed the old monarch, with voices choked in grief.
Mbh.17.1.13 Yudhishthira made over the kingdom to the son of his uncle by his Vaisya wife.
Jijith.JPG
Jijith Nadumuri Ravi
Research data published for the interest of people researching on Mahabharata.
Suggestions are welcome: email:moc.liamg|rnhtijij#moc.liamg|rnhtijij
Reference:- Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli; Source of Plain Text: www.sacred-texts.com; Wikified at AncientVoice.

Share:- Facebook

Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License