Sudras

Created by Jijith Nadumuri at 06 Mar 2010 09:13 and updated at 06 Mar 2010 09:13

Mahabharata: 18 Parvas

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MAHABHARATA NOUN

See All Nouns, See All Categories

Mbh.1.49.2508 O monarch, Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, all engaged contentedly in the practice of their respective duties, were impartially protected by that king.
Mbh.1.64.3231 And by their strength they began to oppress Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras and all other creatures also.
Mbh.1.69.3628 And many Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras, followed the monarch who was like unto the king of the celestials seated on the back of a proud elephant.
Mbh.1.73.3835 The Asura form is permitted to Vaisyas and Sudras.
Mbh.1.85.4760 He gratified the gods by his sacrifices; the pitris, by Sraddhas; the poor, by his charities; all excellent Brahmanas, by fulfilling their desires; all persons entitled to the rites of hospitality, with food and drink; the Vaisyas, by protection; and the Sudras, by kindness.
Mbh.1.95.5359 This excellent, virtue-increasing, and sacred history should ever be listened to by vow-observing Brahmanas, by Kshatriyas devoted to the practices of their order and ready to protect their subjects; by Vaisyas with attention, and by Sudras with reverence, whose chief occupation is to wait upon the three other orders.
Mbh.1.100.5563 The Kshatriyas served the Brahmanas; the Vaisyas waited upon the Kshatriyas, and the Sudras adoring the Brahmanas and the Kshatriyas, waited upon the Vaisyas.
Mbh.1.126.6765 And the concourse of Vaisyas and Sudras too was as large on the occasion.
Mbh.1.127.6804 And Brahmanas, and Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas, and Sudras by thousands followed the deceased king, loudly wailing in these accents, O prince, where dost thou go, leaving us behind, and making us forlorn and wretched for ever'
Mbh.1.148.7870 Those foremost of men then went to the abodes of the officials of the town, and then of the Sutas and the Vaisyas and then to those of even the Sudras, O bull of Bharata's race, thus adored by the citizens, the Pandavas at last went with Purochana going before them, to the palace that had been built for them, Purochana then began to place before them food and drink and beds and carpets, all of the first and most agreeable order.
Mbh.1.160.8375 Overpowering myself who shall be masterless, unworthy persons will demand the hand of this daughter of thine, like Sudras desiring to hear the Vedas.
Mbh.1.166.8572 And the Vaisyas and the Sudras also became exceedingly glad, and they all established a festival in which the worship of Brahmanas was the principal ceremony in remembrance of this Brahmana who had relieved them from their fears of Vaka.
Mbh.1.194.9663 The talk of those heroes indicated them to be neither Vaisyas nor Sudras, nor Brahmanas.
Mbh.2.5.287 Narada again spoke, saying, That king who is thus employed in the protection of four orders, Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Sudras, passeth his days here happily and attaineth hereafter to the region of Sakra heaven
Mbh.2.23.1052 The citizens consisting of thousands, of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, and even women and the aged, O tiger among men, came out and gathered there to behold the fight.
Mbh.2.31.1349 And the illustrious hero soon brought under subjection the mighty Gramaniya that dwelt on the shore of the sea, and the Sudras and the Abhiras that dwelt on the banks of the Saraswati, and all those tribes that lived upon fisheries, and those also that dwelt on the mountains, and the whole of the country called after the five rivers, and the mountains called Amara, and the country called Uttarayotisha and the city of Divyakutta and the tribe called Dwarapala.
Mbh.2.32.1406 And Sahadeva, hearing these words of the king, despatched messengers telling them, Invite ye all the Brahmanas in the kingdom and all the owners of land Kshatriyas and all the Vaisyas and also all the respectable Sudras, and bring them hither'
Mbh.2.37.1557 Amongst the Brahmanas one that is superior in knowledge, amongst the Kshatriyas one that is superior in strength, amongst the Vaisyas one that is superior in possessions and wealth, and amongst the Sudras one that is superior in years, deserveth to be worshipped.
Mbh.2.51.2161 And numberless Brahmanas and Kshatriyas who had been vanquished, and Vaisyas and serving Sudras, from love of Yudhishthira, brought tribute unto the son of Pandu.
Mbh.3.31.1487 The man of weak understanding who doubteth religion, virtue or the words of the Rishis, is precluded from regions of immortality and bliss, like Sudras from the Vedas!
Mbh.3.31.1489 The sinful wretch, however, who doubteth religion and transgresseth the scriptures, is regarded as lower even than Sudras and robbers!
Mbh.3.82.3994 Those illustrious persons among Brahmanas or Kshatriyas or Vaisyas or Sudras that bathe in Pushkara are freed from the obligation of rebirth.
Mbh.3.148.7571 And in the Krita Yuga, the distinctive characteristics of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras were natural and these ever stuck to their respective duties.
Mbh.3.149.7658 The Sudras cannot beg alms, or perform homas, or observe vows; and they must dwell in the habitation of their masters.
Mbh.3.187.9315 Brahmanas then perform acts that are reserved for the Sudras, and the Sudras betake themselves to the acquisition of wealth.
Mbh.3.187.9318 And, O son, the Brahmanas in that age also abstain from prayers and meditation while the Sudras betake themselves to these!
Mbh.3.187.9329 The Sudras address Brahmanas, saying, Bho, while the Brahmanas address Sudras, saying Respected Sir.
Mbh.3.187.9407 And, O monarch, I beheld there many Brahmanas also, engaged in various sacrifices; and the Kshatriyas engaged in doing good to all the orders; and the Vaisyas employed in pursuits in agriculture; and the Sudras devoted to the service of the regenerate classes.
Mbh.3.188.9460 In consequence of my energy from my mouth, my arms, my thighs, and my feet gradually sprang Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras.
Mbh.3.189.9526 O Pandava, the Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, in the Kali age will practise morality and virtue deceitfully and men in general will deceive their fellows by spreading the net of virtue.
Mbh.3.189.9532 And Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas with their virtue contracted and divested of asceticism and truth will all be reduced to an equality with the Sudras.
Mbh.3.189.9589 And the regenerate ones, oppressed by Sudras, and afflicted with fear, and crying Oh and Alas, will wander over the earth without anybody to protect them.
Mbh.3.189.9592 And always oppressed by bad rulers with burthens of taxes, the foremost of the regenerate classes, O lord of the earth, will, in those terrible times, take leave of all patience and do improper acts by becoming even the servants of the Sudras.
Mbh.3.189.9593 And Sudras will expound the scriptures, and Brahmanas will wait upon and listen to them, and settle their course of duty accepting such interpretations as their guides.
Mbh.3.189.9596 And, at the end of the Yuga, the Sudras will cease to wait upon and serve the Brahmanas.
Mbh.3.189.9602 And, at that time, ceremonial rites of men will not follow one another in due order, and the Sudras will quarrel with the Brahmanas.
Mbh.3.190.9655 And Sudras will be devoted to service of the three high orders, These, O Yudhishthira, are the courses of the Krita, the Treta, the Dwapara and the succeeding age.
Mbh.5.35.1705 Brahmanas of the same age and equal learning, two Kshatriyas, two Vaisyas and two Sudras, can sit together on the same seat, Except these, no other can sit together.
Mbh.5.157.6939 O grandsire, the Vaisyas and the Sudras followed the Brahmanas, so that all the three orders were on one side, while those bulls among the Kshatriyas were alone on the other.
Mbh.5.169.7645 It hath been said that a Kshatriya acquireth eminence only through might, as Brahmanas acquire eminence through superiority in mantras, as Vaisyas through wealth, and Sudras through age.
Mbh.6.11.602 The Mandagas are all brave Sudras of virtuous behaviour.
Mbh.6.33.1562 For, O son of Pritha, even they who may be of sinful birth, women, Vaisyas, and also Sudras, even they, resorting to me, attain to the supreme goal.
Mbh.6.42.1941 The duties of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas, and of Sudras also, O chastiser of foes, are distinguished by these three qualities born of nature.
Mbh.6.42.1945 Of Sudras also, the natural duty consists in servitude.
Mbh.6.66.3665 He it is whom Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, having distinctive features of their own, humbly serve and worship with restrained hearts and performing their own duties.
Mbh.6.67.3696 From His mouth He created the Brahmanas: and from His two arms the Kshatriyas, and from His thighs, O king, He created the Vaisyas, and from His feet He created the Sudras.
Mbh.7.7.220 And the Madras, the Trigartas the Amvashthas, the Westerners, the Northerners, the Malavas, the Surasenas, the Sudras the Maladas, the Sauviras, the Kaitavas, the Easterners, and the Southerners placing thy son Duryodhana and the Suta's son Karna at their head, forming the rear guard, gladdened warriors of their own army, added to the strength of the advancing force, Vikartana's son Karna proceeded at the head of the bowmen
Mbh.7.20.896 And Bhutasarman, and Kshemasarman, and the valiant Karakaksha, and the Kalingas, the Singhalas, the Easterners, the Sudras, the Abhiras, the Daserakas, the Sakas, the Yavanas, the Kamvojas, the Hangsapadas, the Surasenas, the Daradas, the Madras, and the Kalikeyas, with hundreds and thousands of elephants, steeds, cars, and foot-soldiers were stationed at its neck.
Mbh.7.200.11551 The other orders Vaisyas and Sudras may obtain desirable sons and grandsons and all objects of desire
Mbh.9.35.2578 SECTION Vaishampayana said, Then Valadeva, O king, proceeded to Vinasana where the Sarasvati hath become invisible in consequence of her contempt for Sudras and Abhiras.
Mbh.9.41.2974 So amongst Vaisyas and Sudras, and Kshatriyas, those that hate and injure Brahmanas became Rakshasas.
Mbh.12.15.605 The rod of chastisement danda has been so named by the wise because it restrains the ungovernable and punishes the wicked, The chastisement of Brahmanas should be by word of mouth; of Kshatriyas, by giving them only that much of food as would suffice for the support of life; of Vaisyas, by the imposition of fines and forfeitures of property, while for Sudras there is no punishment
Mbh.12.35.1885 Observant of rigid vows, he should abstain from speech with women, Sudras, and fallen persons.
Mbh.12.47.2446 Brahmanas are thy mouth, Kshatriyas are thy two arms, Vaisyas are thy stomach and thighs, and Sudras live in thy feet.
Mbh.12.49.2643 Then Sudras and Vaisyas, acting most wilfully, began to unite themselves, O bull of Bharata's race, with the wives of Brahmanas.
Mbh.12.59.3342 It is said that Sudras should certainly be maintained by the three other orders.
Mbh.12.61.3431 The Brahmana who is addicted to the practices of Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, incurs censure in this world as a person of wicked soul and goes to hell in the next world.
Mbh.12.62.3450 Whether he recites the Vedas or not, O king, if he does such improper acts, he becomes equal to a Sudra and on occasions of feeding he should be assigned a place amongst Sudras.
Mbh.12.62.3451 Such Brahmanas become equal to Sudras, O king, and should be discarded on occasions of worshipping the Gods
Mbh.12.62.3456 Men desirous of acquiring virtue, seek the assistance, O king, of Sudras and Vaisyas and Kshatriyas.
Mbh.12.62.3468 and Sudras, O giver of profuse presents!
Mbh.12.64.3569 Mandhatri said, What duties should be performed by the Yavanas, the Kiratas, the Gandharvas, the Chinas, the Savaras, the Barbaras, the Sakas, the Tusharas, the Kankas, the Pathavas, the Andhras, the Madrakas, the Paundras, the Pulindas, the Ramathas, the Kamvojas, the several castes that have sprung Lip from Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas, and the Sudras, that reside in the dominions of Arya kings?
Mbh.12.68.3911 Sudras live by adopting lives of mendicancy, and Brahmanas live by serving others.
Mbh.12.75.4240 Those, however, amongst them that are not well-born and not devoted to the duties of their order, and are, besides wedded to evil practices, are like Sudras.
Mbh.12.75.4242 They that are employed in courts of justice for summoning people, they that perform worship for others for a fee, they that perform the sacrifices of Vaisyas and Sudras, they that officiate in sacrifices on behalf of a whole village, and they that make voyages on the ocean, these five are regarded as Chandalas among Brahmanas
Mbh.12.76.4290 The Sudras in my kingdom, observant of the duties of their order, humbly and duly serve and wait upon the other three orders without entertaining any malice towards them.
Mbh.12.84.4769 Four Brahmanas, learned in the Vedas, possessed of a sense of dignity, belonging to the Snataka order, and of pure behaviour, and eight Kshatriyas, all of whom should be possessed of physical strength and capable of wielding weapons, and one and twenty Vaisyas, all of whom should be possessed of wealth, and three Sudras, everyone of whom should be humble and of pure conduct and devoted to his daily duties, and one man of the Suta caste, possessed of a knowledge of the Puranas and the eight cardinal virtues, should be thy ministers.
Mbh.12.106.5993 SECTION CVII Yudhishthira said, Thou hast, O scorcher of foes, described the course of duties, the general conduct, the means of livelihood, with their results, of Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras.
Mbh.12.164.9715 Those Brahmanas that lie with women in their season, or who never perform sacrifices, or whose families have no members conversant with the Vedas, are regarded as Sudras in act.
Mbh.12.187.11246 After this, the Deities and the Danavas, the Gandharvas, the Daityas, the Asuras, the great snakes, the Yakshas, the Rakshasas, the Serpents, the Pisachas, and human beings with their four divisions, viz, Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras, O best of regenerate ones, and all the other orders of creatures that exist, were created.
Mbh.12.187.11247 The complexion the Brahmanas obtained was white; that which the Kshatriyas obtained was red; that which the Vaisyas got was yellow; and that which was given to the Sudras was black'
Mbh.12.187.11260 Those Brahmanas again that became fond of untruth and injuring other creatures, possessed of cupidity, engaged in all kinds of acts for a living, and fallen away from purity of behaviour, and thus wedded to the attribute of Darkness, became Sudras.
Mbh.12.206.12510 Then, O bull of Bharata's race, Kesava created from his two feet a century of Sudras.
Mbh.12.207.12583 The two Aswins, engaged in severe penances, have been said to be Sudras.
Mbh.12.209.12680 One who is a Vaisya should hear it from Vaisyas, and a high-souled Sudra should hear it from Sudras.
Mbh.12.226.13977 When the daughter-in-law will set the aged mother-in-law to work, when the son, through delusion, will command the sire to work for him, when Sudras will have their feet washed by Brahmanas and have sexual congress fearlessly with women of regenerate families, when men will discharge the vital seed into forbidden wombs, when the refuse of houses will begin to be carried upon plates and vessels made of white brass, and when sacrificial offerings intended for the deities will begin to be borne upon forbidden vessels, when all the four orders will transgress all restraints, then these bonds of thine will begin one by one, to loosen.
Mbh.12.227.14101 The Sudras amongst them have taken to the practice of penances.
Mbh.12.231.14402 Serving the three other orders is the sacrifice laid down for the Sudras.
Mbh.12.237.14694 The sacrifice ordained for Brahmans consists in japa meditation and recitation, that for Kshatriyas consists in the slaughter of clean animals for the gratification of the deities; that for Vaisyas consists in the production of crops and, the keep of domestic animals; and that for Sudras in menial service of the: three other orders.
Mbh.12.266.16226 Satyavat said, The three other orders viz, the Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras should be placed under the control of the Brahmanas.
Mbh.12.284.17677 Thou art the Brahmanas and the Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas, and the Sudras, and the other castes formed by intermixture.
Mbh.12.290.18210 Those four methods are the acceptance of gifts for Brahmanas; the realisation of taxes for Kshatriyas; agriculture for Vaisyas; and service of the three other classes for the Sudras.
Mbh.12.293.18324 Even such is the case with Sudras
Mbh.12.293.18337 As regards the Sudras, they should engage themselves in the task of humbly and honestly collecting together the articles that are to be offered in sacrifices, and in cleaning altars and other places where sacrifices are to be performed.
Mbh.12.295.18415 They are ordained for even the lowest order of men viz, Sudras.
Mbh.12.296.18471 And, lastly, they that were born of his feet were the serving class, viz, the Sudras.
Mbh.12.296.18492 While service of the three regenerate classes is the occupation, O king, of the Sudras.
Mbh.12.303.19089 The Soul regards himself as adopting sometimes the way of traders and merchants and the practices of Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, and gifts of diverse kinds unto those that are destitute or blind or help-less.
Mbh.12.318.19939 From the mouth of Brahma sprung the Brahmanas; from his arms, sprung the Kshatriyas; from his navel, the Vaisya; and from his feet, the Sudras.
Mbh.12.318.19946 Others, viz, Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras are possessed of knowledge.
Mbh.12.338.21715 Thou art the protector of the several orders of men viz, Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras.
Mbh.13.3.248 SECTION III Yudhishthira said, If, O prince, Brahmanahood be so difficult of attainment by the three classes Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras, how then did the high souled Viswamitra, O king, though a Kshatriya by birth, attain to the status of a Brahmana?
Mbh.13.10.685 Unto Sudras, therefore, the Brahmanas should never give instructions.
Mbh.13.11.729 I always reside in such Brahmanas as are devoted to the study of the Vedas, in Kshatriyas devoted to the observance of righteousness, in Vaisyas devoted to cultivation, and the Sudras devoted to the menial service of the three upper classes.
Mbh.13.23.3295 Those Brahmanas who pour libations on the sacred fire for Sudras, or who are preceptors of Sudras, or who as servants of Sudra masters, do not deserve to be invited.
Mbh.13.30.3829 The territories of Divodasa were full of Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, and abounded with Vaisyas and Sudras.
Mbh.13.33.4068 It is in consequence of the absence of Brahmanas from among them that the Sakas, the Yavanas, the Kamvojas and other Kshatriya tribes have become fallen and degraded into the status of Sudras.
Mbh.13.33.4069 The Dravidas, the Kalingas, the Pulandas, the Usinaras, the Kolisarpas, the Mahishakas and other Kshatriyas, have, in consequence of the absence of Brahmanas from among their midst, become degraded into Sudras.
Mbh.13.35.4154 A Brahmana possessed of learning should never do that which is laid down for the Sudras.
Mbh.13.35.4170 The Mekalas, the Dravidas, the Lathas, the Paundras, the Konwasiras, the Saundikas, the Daradas, the Darvas, the Chauras, the Savaras, the Varvaras, the Kiratas, the Yavanas, and numerous other tribes of Kshatriyas, have become degraded into the status of Sudras through the wrath of Brahmanas.
Mbh.13.63.6114 Even this is the difference between the merits that attach to gifts of food made unto Brahmanas and Sudras.
Mbh.13.90.8069 He that is full of guile, or he that is guilty of foeticide, or he that is ill of consumption, or he that keeps animals, of is destitute of Vedic study, or is a common servant of a village, or lives upon the interest of loans, or he that is a singer, or he that sells all articles, or he that is guilty of arson, or he that is a poisoner or he that is a pimp by profession, or he that sells Soma, or he that is a professor of palmistry, or he that is in the employ of the king, or he that is seller of oil, or he that is a cheat and false swearer, or he that has a quarrel with his father, or he that tolerates a paramour of his wife in his house, or he that has been cursed, or he that is a thief, or he that lives by some mechanical art, or he that puts on disguises, or he that is deceitful in his behaviour, or he that is hostile to those he calls his friends, or he that is an adulterer, or he that is a preceptor of Sudras, or he that has betaken himself to the profession of arms, or he that wanders with dogs for hunting, or he that has been bit by a dog, or he that has wedded before his elder brothers, or he that seems to have undergone circumcision he that violates the bed of his preceptor, he that is an actor or mime, he that lives by setting up a deity and he that lives by calculating the conjunctions of stars and planets and asterisms, are regarded as fit to be excluded from the line.
Mbh.13.90.8077 Those Brahmanas also of little energy who are engaged in instructing Sudras are of the same class.
Mbh.13.94.8565 Before the time comes when Brahmanas, loudly uttering the fully Vedas, within the precincts of villages and inhabited places, cause the Sudras to hear them, before the time comes when kings often against the rules of Righteousness from motives of policy, I shall go to heaven for good!
Mbh.13.104.9296 As regards those Brahmanas that do not say their prayers at the two twilights, a righteous king should set them to accomplish such acts as are ordained for the Sudras.
Mbh.13.106.9644 As regards Vaisyas and Sudras, the duration of fasts prescribed for them is a single night.
Mbh.13.106.9646 Indeed, for Vaisyas and Sudras, fasts for two nights have been ordained on certain special occasions.
Mbh.13.118.10551 Those that take birth in the intermediate order of animals become when they rise Sudras.
Mbh.13.132.11227 Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, by observing this rule for a full year, fasting on each occasion, acquire great merits from such gifts.
Mbh.13.135.11282 He must, however, eschew food given by Sudras who are addicted to evil ways and who partake of all manner of food without any scruple.
Mbh.13.135.11286 Verily, those Brahmanas that take their food from Sudras, take the dirt of the earth.
Mbh.13.135.11293 Professors of the healing art, mercenary soldiers, the priest who acts as warder of the house, and persons who devote a whole year to study without any profit, are all to be considered as Sudras.
Mbh.13.136.11328 The Brahmana who takes his food in the company of Sudras is purged from all impurity by duly observing the ceremonies of purification.
Mbh.13.143.11956 Unto Sudras desirous of food, he should always answer that it is ready.
Mbh.13.158.13110 Those high duties, O king, that are mentioned in the Puranas as observed by Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, have all been recited by me.
Mbh.13.164.13655 They that are righteous among the Sudras never betake themselves to such hypocrisy under the plea that persons of the Sudra order are not permitted to live according to any of the four prescribed modes.
Mbh.14.19.719 By adhering to this religion, even they who axe of sinful birth, such as women and Vaisyas and Sudras, attain to the highest goal.
Mbh.14.89.3988 After the Brahmanas had taken as much as they desired, the wealth that remained was taken away by Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras and diverse tribes of Mlechechas.
Mbh.14.90.4030 The Sudras have been gratified by kind speeches, and others with the remnants of the profuse wealth collected on the spot.
Mbh.14.91.4291 Those amongst Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras who betake themselves to penances, O Bharata, and who purify themselves by gifts and other acts of righteousness, proceed to Heaven
Mbh.15.2.64 King Yudhishthira at that time became as agreeable to the Brahmanas as to the Kshatriyas, and the diverse bands of Vaisyas and Sudras of his realm.
Mbh.15.8.410 Many Brahmanas residing in Kuru-jangala, and many Kshatriyas, many Vaisyas, and many Sudras also, came to Dhritarashtra's mansion, with gratified hearts.
Mbh.15.15.643 Then the wives of the citizens, Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, also came out into the streets from every side.
Mbh.15.19.770 There many Brahmanas who had taken up their abode in the woods, as also many Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras, came to see the old monarch.
Mbh.15.26.995 Do the Kshatriyas and Vaisyas and Sudras also within thy kingdom, and all thy relatives, observe their respective duties?
Mbh.16.7.294 The Brahmanas and Kshatriyas, and Vaisyas, and wealthy Sudras, set out, keeping before them the women that had formed Vasudevas harem, and Vajra, the grandson of the intelligent Krishna.
Jijith.JPG
Jijith Nadumuri Ravi
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Reference:- Mahabharata of Krishna Dwaipayana Vyasa, translated to English by Kisari Mohan Ganguli; Source of Plain Text: www.sacred-texts.com; Wikified at AncientVoice.

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